Post-work: a (partially annotated) bibliography
Will Stronge
February 19th 2025

Introduction
As alluded to in my first blog post, drawing a definitive line around a set of ‘distinct’ ‘post-work’ texts is difficult, leading to all sorts of leakages and partial truths. In our book, Helen and I therefore instead refer to post-work as a ‘family of resemblances’: a world of books, essays and manifestos that all make some kind of sense when bundled together – but often are quite dissimilar in other respects. This porosity makes post-work a very interesting and fertile terrain, but also a bit of a headache for critics and advocates alike.
Here, I’ve had a go at writing up an annotated bibliography of many of the texts that we see as relevant vehicles for post-work themes or arguments in the forthcoming book. A working definition I’ve used to make this list says that a post-work text is one that involved a critique of the existing nature or organisation of modern work, and, ideally, included a proposal or demand for its radical reduction. Another way of phrasing this would be to say that post-work thinking is both a critique of work, as well as a vision of a world which is no longer work-centered.
Now, some texts do the first part and much less of the second, and other texts focus solely things such as a basic income which are only indirectly linked to a reduction of work, but are part of fuller visions of post-work society, for reasons we go into in the book (mainly that modern welfare is by now very much the other side of the coin to work, and thus must be engaged with in some way). We consider all of these ‘overlap’ cases to be post-work ‘adjacent’ in one way or another, and thus are included in this list as part of the melting pot. I will keep updating this list, with some added annotations when I find the time.
Post-work and post-work adjacent texts

André Gorz
- Farewell to the Working Class: An Essay on Post-Industrial Socialism. (1982) South End Press.
- Critique of Economic Reason. (1989) Verso Books.
- Reclaiming Work: Beyond the Wage-Based Society. (1999) Polity Press.
It’s hard to overstate André Gorz’s influence on contemporary post-work thinkers and I’ve included three key texts here for those interested in getting to know his writing. By no means a perfect thinker, Gorz is always a rich source of concepts and proposals.

Kathi Weeks
- The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries. Duke University Press. (2011)
Predating and greatly influencing the 2015 uptick in post-work thinking, Weeks’ book really is one of the defining texts within the post-work universe. It can serve as a primer for wider debates – a way into post-work thinking (as it was for me) – but also delivers a strong set of post-work arguments, influenced by radical feminism as well as the Gorz, Bloch, Nietzsche, Marx and Weber. The last chapter, on utopias and utopianisms, is so rich and innovative that it could almost justify being a standalone book itself.
I’m proud that Kathi is now on the advisory board of Autonomy, as the organisation bears the marks of her influence everywhere.

Peter Frase
- Four Futures: Life After Capitalism. Verso Books. (2016)
This short Jacobin book is a great demonstration of the generative potential of utopian and dystopian thinking.

Juliet Schor
- The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure. Basic Books. (1991)
This 1993 text is another on this list that can be called a classic.

David Frayne
- The Refusal of Work: The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Work. Zed Books. (2015)
- The Work Cure: Critical Essays on Work and Wellness. PCCS Books. (2019)
David’s work is so clear, unique and important that I can’t recommend it enough.

Mareile Pfannebecker and J.A. Smith.
- Work Want Work: Labour and Desire at the End of Capitalism. Zed Books. (2020)
A curious and critical reading of post-work theory from the 2015-2019 period of output.

Sophie Lewis
- Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family. Verso Books. (2019)
- Abolish the Family: A Manifesto for Care and Liberation. Verso Books. (2022)
Sophie’s work from Full Surrogacy Now onwards has been really generative insofar as it weaves a post-work perspective with a radical feminist perspective in new ways. These two texts are good examples of building out post-work thinking through its critical deployment across new topics.

Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams
- Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work. Verso Books. (2015)
A pivotal text for post-2015 work theorists and political activists (as well as those interested in neoliberal hegemony). It still reads well today, ten years since publication.
Further texts
- Helen Hester and Nick Srnicek. After Work: The Fight for Free Time. Verso Books. (2023)
- Will Stronge and Kyle Lewis. Overtime: Why We Need a Shorter Working Week. Verso Books. (2021)
- Martin Hägglund. This Life: Secular Faith and Spiritual Freedom. Pantheon Books. (2019)
- Moishe Postone. Time, Labor, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx’s Critical Theory. Cambridge University Press. (1993)
- Rutger Bregman. Utopia for Realists: How We Can Build the Ideal World. Translated by Elizabeth Manton, Bloomsbury Publishing. (2017)
- John Danaher. Automation and Utopia: Human Flourishing in a World Without Work. Harvard University Press. (2019)
- Kate Soper. Post-Growth Living: For an Alternative Hedonism. Verso Books. (2020)
- Silvia Federici. Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle. PM Press. (2012)
- Cara New Daggett. The Birth of Energy: Fossil Fuels, Thermodynamics, and the Politics of Work. Duke University Press. (2019)
- Holly Jean Buck. After Geoengineering: Climate Tragedy, Repair, and Restoration. Verso Books. (2019)
- Aaron Bastani. Fully Automated Luxury Communism. Verso Books. (2019)
- Stanley Aronowitz, et al. Post-Work Manifesto. Routledge. (1998)
- James Chamberlain. Undoing Work, Rethinking Community: A Critique of the Social Function of Work. Cornell University Press. (2018)
- Chiara Cremin. Totalled: Salvaging the Future from the Wreckage of Capitalism. Pluto Press. (2015)
- John Desmond Bernal. The Social Function of Science. George Routledge & Sons. (1939)
- David Graeber. Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. Simon & Schuster. (2018)
- Michael Cholbi. “The Desire for Work as an Adaptive Preference.” Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 1–12. (2018)
- Aaron Benanav. Automation and the Future of Work. Verso Books. (2020)
- Paul Apostolidis. The Fight for Time: Migrant Day Laborers and the Politics of Precarity. Oxford University Press. (2019)
- Paul Lafargue. The Right to Be Lazy. Translated by Charles H. Kerr, Kerr Publishing. (1907)
- Krisis Gruppe. Manifesto Against Work. (1999)
- John Maynard Keynes. “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren.” Essays in Persuasion, Macmillan, pp. 321–332. (1931)
- Elizabeth Anderson. Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don’t Talk about It). Princeton University Press. (2017)
- Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski. The People’s Republic of Walmart: How the World’s Biggest Corporations Are Laying the Foundation for Socialism. Verso Books. (2019)
- Amelia Horgan. Lost in Work: Escaping Capitalism. Pluto Press. (2021)
- Guy Standing. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. Bloomsbury Academic. (2011)
- Ivor Southwood. Non-Stop Inertia. Zero Books. (2011)
- Laboria Cuboniks. The Xenofeminist Manifesto: A Politics for Alienation. Verso Books. (2018)
- Helen Hester. Xenofeminism. Polity Press. (2018)
- Anson Rabinbach. The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity. University of California Press. (1990)
- David A. Spencer. Making Light Work: An End to Toil in the Twenty-First Century. Polity Press. (2022)
- Phil Jones. Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books. (2021)
- Andrea Komlosy. Work: The Last 1,000 Years. Verso Books. (2018)
- Frédéric Lordon. Willing Slaves of Capital: Spinoza and Marx on Desire. Translated by Gabriel Ash, Verso Books. (2014)
- Madeline Lane-McKinley. Comedy Against Work: Utopian Longing in Dystopian Times. Stanford University Press. (2022)

Will Stronge is the Chief Executive of the Autonomy Institute and co-author of Post-Work: What It Is, Why It Matters and How We Get There?
The book can be ordered here: https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/postwork-9781350089990/